To ensure academic integrity and adherence to the highest ethical standards, which are fundamental principles at the Open University of Sebha, plagiarism of any form is strictly prohibited within the pages of the Al Nahda Scientific Journal. This includes:

• Direct copying of texts and ideas from any source, whether published or unpublished, without citing the original source.
• Paraphrasing another researcher's work without providing appropriate references and citations.
• Reusing previously published work without appropriate self-citation (self-plagiarism).
• Publishing or submitting the scientific work for publication in other scientific fields, or publishing it within the proceedings of a conference, symposium, or workshop.
• Citing the scientific work from a research thesis or dissertation.

Failure to comply with the above will result in the following penalties:

• Rejection of the scientific work if it is proven to contain plagiarism or infringement of the rights of others.
• Authors involved in plagiarism will be reported to their academic institutions, which may result in academic sanctions.
• Authors involved in plagiarism will be prohibited from publishing their scientific work in the future on the pages of Al Nahda Scientific Journal.